SQL
学习sql语句新增字段
:ALTER table TABLE_NAME(表名) ADD CULUMN `field(字段)` 数据类型 是否无符号 是否为空 是否设置默认值;
sql
语句:ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME DROP COLUMN COLUMN_NAME
sql
语句alter table TABLE_NAME modify column COLUMN_NAME varchar(20) COMMENT '注释';
DISTINCT
规避重复的数据SELECT DISTINCT c.`name`, cc.`name` AS class_name, c.`id`, c.`cid` FROM sycms_question AS q RIGHT JOIN course AS c ON q.cid = c.id LEFT JOIN course_class AS cc ON c.cid = cc.id WHERE `cc`.`id` = 63 ORDER BY c.id DESC GROUP BY c.`name` LIMIT 0,5
group by
进行去重SELECT `id`, `status`, `quantity`, `take_count` FROM coupon AS a WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT quantity, take_count FROM coupon WHERE quantity = a.take_count GROUP BY quantity HAVING count( * ) > 1 )
开放远程连接权限:grant [权限] on [database.table] to [用户名]@[IP] identified by [密码]; 刷新权限:flush privileges;
例子:
grant all privileges on test.* to user@'%' identified by '1234';
意思是,test数据库的所有表对任意IP地址的user用户开放所有权限,登陆密码是1234。
MySQL
的自增id用完了怎么办?在MySQL
中,Int
整型的范围如下:
类型 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 存储大小 |
---|---|---|---|
Int 有符号 | -2147483648 | 2148483648 | 4 bytes |
Int 无符号 | 0 | 4294967295 | 4 bytes |
以无符号整型为例,约43亿,一旦达到最大值,此时数据继续插入会报一个逐渐冲突异常如下所示
Duplicate entry '4294967295' for key 'PRIMARY'
解决方案就是把Int
类型改为BigInt
类型,它的范围如下
类型 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 存储大小 |
---|---|---|---|
BigInt 有符号 | -9223372036854775808 | 923372036854775808 | 8 bytes |
BigInt 无符号 | 0 | 18446744073709551615 | 8 bytes |
更好的回答是
进行分库分表
线上如何修改列的数据类型
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE old_field_name new_field_name field_type;
不保险还是用第三方工具进行修改表结构
比如查询
CS001
~CS020
之间的所有卡号
select * from coupon where number like 'CS%' and CONVERT(REPLACE(number, "CS",""),SIGNED) >= 1 and CONVERT(REPLACE(number, "CS", ""),SIGNED) <= 20 select * from table where CONVERT(replace(起始卡号, "固定前缀", ""),SIGNED) < 查询的号码
leetcode记录
编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。 +----+--------+ | Id | Salary | +----+--------+ | 1 | 100 | | 2 | 200 | | 3 | 300 | +----+--------+ 例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null。 +---------------------+ | SecondHighestSalary | +---------------------+ | 200 | +---------------------+
# 1. 查询出最大的记录,然后查询剩下记录中比该记录小的最大数据记录 select max(Salary) as SecondHighestSalary from Employee where Salary < (select max(Salary) from Employee); # 2. 先取得最大的,然后not in 最大的那个,在剩下的取最大的就是第二个。 select max(Salary) from Employee where Salary not in (select max(Salary) from Employee); # 3. 使用limit offset select Salary from Employee order by Salary limit 1,1; select Salary from Employee order by limit 1 offset 1
重复的电子邮箱存在多次。要计算每封电子邮件的存在次数,我们可以使用以下代码
select Email, count(Email) as num from Person group by Email;
| Email | num | |---------|-----| | a@b.com | 2 | | c@d.com | 1 |
向 GROUP BY
添加条件的一种更常用的方法是使用 HAVING
子句,该子句更为简单高效。
select Email from Person group by Email having count(Email) > 1;
知道使用group by和having。还需要记得优先顺序。where>group by>having>order by
相比于执行速度来说,下面的更快
select distinct a.Email from Person a, Person b where a.Email=b.Email and a.Id <> b.Id;