Mockito是Java的单元测试Mock框架。
它的logo是一杯古巴最著名的鸡尾酒Mojito,
Mojito鸡尾酒,源自古巴的哈瓦那,带有浓厚的加勒比海风情。
并不浓烈,但是喝一杯下去,脸上会泛起红晕,象少女的羞涩。味道很清新,有一点青涩、有点甜蜜。
巧的是,我才发现周董的新歌,也叫《Mojito》。哈哈哈。
Stub和Mock是Test Double类型中的2种。Test Double一共有5种类型,Dummy,Stub,Spy,Mock,Fake。
Test Double是测试复制品,用来统称模拟真实对象的假对象。因使用场景有略微不同,而有这5种类型。
不管你有没有懵逼,反正我是懵逼了。不着急,慢慢来,先搞懂Stub和Mock。
看一个实例,发送邮件,
public interface MailService { public void send(Message msg); }
先写个Stub,
public class MailServiceStub implements MailService { private Listmessages = new ArrayList(); public void send(Message msg) { messages.add(msg); } public int numberSent() { return messages.size(); } }
实现Stub的状态验证,
class OrderStateTester...
public void testOrderSendsMailIfUnfilled() { Order order = new Order(TALISKER, 51); MailServiceStub mailer = new MailServiceStub(); order.setMailer(mailer); order.fill(warehouse); assertEquals(1, mailer.numberSent()); }
只做了简单的测试,断言发出了1封邮件。没有测试是否发送给了对的收件人,或者邮件正文是否正确。不过不影响跟Mock比较。
如果用Mock,会怎么写呢?
class OrderInteractionTester...
public void testOrderSendsMailIfUnfilled() { Order order = new Order(TALISKER, 51); Mock warehouse = mock(Warehouse.class); Mock mailer = mock(MailService.class); order.setMailer((MailService) mailer.proxy()); mailer.expects(once()).method("send"); warehouse.expects(once()).method("hasInventory") .withAnyArguments() .will(returnValue(false)); order.fill((Warehouse) warehouse.proxy()); }
结合一张图,就一下全明白了,
添加Maven dependency,
org.mockitomockito-core3.3.3test
现在可以开始Mock了,先Mock一个List Interface试试,(示例只是玩语法,实际应使用instance)
//Let's import Mockito statically so that the code looks clearer import static org.mockito.Mockito.*; // mock creation List mockedList = mock(List.class); // using mock object mockedList.add("one"); mockedList.clear(); // verification verify(mockedList).add("one"); verify(mockedList).clear();
接着用Mockito来做Stub,淡定,我知道你在怀疑什么。我们在实际使用的时候,不要被理论的概念限制了。Mockito为什么不能Stub,Stub不就是模拟外部依赖嘛,模拟了不就是Stub了嘛。
// You can mock concrete classes, not just interfaces LinkedList mockedList = mock(LinkedList.class); // stubbing when(mockedList.get(0)).thenReturn("first"); when(mockedList.get(1)).thenThrow(new RuntimeException()); // following prints "first" System.out.println(mockedList.get(0)); // following throws runtime exception System.out.println(mockedList.get(1)); // following prints "null" because get(999) was not stubbed System.out.println(mockedList.get(999)); // Although it is possible to verify a stubbed invocation, usually it's just redundant // If your code cares what get(0) returns, then something else breaks // (often even before verify() gets executed). // If your code doesn't care what get(0) returns, then it should not be stubbed. verify(mockedList).get(0);
mock默认会返回null,或原始值,或空集合。如int/Integer返回0,boolean/Boolean返回false。
第一杯先打个样,喝完这杯,还有“三”杯。