目录
1.用途:描述性质的东西,如人的名字、单个爱好、地址、国家等
2.定义:使用''、""、''''''、""""""包裹的的一串字符
name = 'nick' # name =str('nick') s1 = str(1.1) s2 = str([1, 2, 3]) print(f's1:{s1}, type:{type(s1)}') print(f's2:{s2}, type:{type(s2)}')
s1:1.1, type:<class 'str'> s2:[1, 2, 3], type:<class 'str'>
3.常用操作+内置方法:常用操作和内置方法分为优先掌握(今天必须得记住)、需要掌握(一周内记住)、其他操作(了解)三个部分。
按索引取值
切片
长度len
成员运算in|not in
移除空白strip
切分split
循环
1.按索引取值(只可取不可改变)
# str索引取值 msg = 'hello nick' # 0123456789 # 索引序号 print(f'索引为6: {msg[6]}') print(f'索引为-3: {msg[-3]}')
索引为6: n 索引为-3: i
2.切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)
# 索引切片 msg = 'hello nick' # 0123456789 # 索引序号 print(f'切片3-最后: {msg[3:]}') print(f'切片3-8: {msg[3:8]}') print(f'切片3-8,步长为2: {msg[3:8:2]}') print(f'切片3-最后,步长为2: {msg[3::2]}') # 了解,步长为正从左到右;步长为负从右到左 print('\n**了解知识点**') print(f'切片所有: {msg[:]}') print(f'反转所有: {msg[::-1]}') print(f'切片-5--2: {msg[-5:-2:1]}') print(f'切片-2--5: {msg[-2:-5:-1]}')
切片3-最后: lo nick 切片3-8: lo ni 切片3-8,步长为2: l i 切片3-最后,步长为2: l ik **了解知识点** 切片所有: hello nick 反转所有: kcin olleh 切片-5--2: ni 切片-2--5: cin
3.长度len
# str长度 msg = 'hello nick' print(len(msg))
10
4.成员运算in和not in
# str成员运算 msg = 'my name is nick, nick handsome' print(f"'nick' in msg: {'nick' in msg}") print(f"'jason' not in msg: {'jason' not in msg}") print(f"not 'jason' in msg: {not 'jason' in msg}")
'nick' in msg: True 'jason' not in msg: True not 'jason' in msg: True
5.移除空白strip()
# str移除空白strip() name = '&&&n ick' print(f"name.strip('&'): {name.strip('&')}") # strip()默认为‘ ’,并且不修改原值,新创建空间 print(f"name: {name}") # strip()应用场景 pwd = input('password: ') # 用户可能会手抖输入空格 if pwd.strip() == '123': print('密码输入成功') print(f"'*-& nick+'.strip('*-& +'): {'*-& nick+'.strip('*-& +')}")
name.strip('&'): n ick name: &&&n ick password: 123 密码输入成功 '*-& nick+'.strip('*-& +'): nick
6.切分split
# str切分split info = 'nick:male:19' info_list1 = info.split(':') info_list2 = info.split(':', 1) print(f'info_list1:{info_list1}') print(f'info_list2:{info_list2}')
info_list1:['nick', 'male', '19'] info_list2:['nick', 'male:19']
7.循环
msg = 'hello nick' for i in msg: print(i)
h e l l o n i c k
lstrip&rstrip
lower&upper
startswith&endswith
rsplit
join
replace
isdigit
1.lstrip()和rstrip()
# str之lstrip()和rstrip() name = '&&nick&&' print(f"nick.lstrip('&'): {name.lstrip('&')}") print(f"nick.rstrip('&'): {name.rstrip('&')}")
nick.lstrip('&'): nick&& nick.rstrip('&'): &&nick
2.lower()和upper()
# str之lower()和upper() name = 'Nick Chen' print(f"name.upper(): {name.lower()}") print(f"name.upper(): {name.upper()}")
name.upper(): nick chen name.upper(): NICK CHEN
3.startswith()和endswith()
# str之startswith()和endswith() name = 'Nick Chen' print(f"name.startswith('Nick'): {name.startswith('Nick')}") print(f"name.endswith('chen'): {name.endswith('chen')}")
name.startswith('Nick'): True name.endswith('chen'): False
4.rsplit()
# str之rsplit() info = 'nick:male:19' print(f"info.rsplit(':', 1): {info.rsplit(':', 1)}") # 从右开始切割
info.rsplit(':', 1): ['nick:male', '19']
5.join()
lis = [1,2,'19'] print(f"':'.join(lis): {':'.join(lis)}") # 报错,数字不可和字符串拼接
# str之join() lis = ['nick', 'male', '19'] print(f"':'.join(lis): {':'.join(lis)}")
':'.join(lis): nick:male:19
6.replace()
# str值replace() name = 'nick shuai' print(f"name.replace('shuai','handsome'): {name.replace('shuai','handsome')}")
name.replace('shuai','handsome'): nick handsome
7.isdigit()
# str值isdigit() salary = '111' print(salary.isdigit()) # True salary = '111.1' print(salary.isdigit()) # False
True False
# str之isdigit()应用场景 age = input('age: ') if age.isdigit(): age = int(age) if age < 18: print('小姐姐') else: print('阿姨好') else: print(f'你的年龄能是这个{age}?')
age: 逗你玩? 你的年龄能是这个逗你玩??
find|rfind|index|rindex|count
center|ljust|rjust|zfill
expandtabs
captalize|swapcase|title
is系列
1.find()、rfind()、index()、rindex()、count()
# str之find()、rfind()、index()、rindex()、count() msg = 'my name is tank, tank shi sb, hha' print(f"msg.find('tank'): {msg.find('tank')}") # 找不到返回-1 print(f"msg.find('tank',0,3): {msg.find('tank',0,3)}") print(f"msg.rfind('tank'): {msg.rfind('tank')}") # 找不到返回-1 print(f"msg.index('tank'): {msg.index('tank')}") # 找不到报错 print(f"msg.rindex('tank'): {msg.rindex('tank')}") # 找不到报错 print(f"msg.count('tank'): {msg.count('tank')}")
msg.find('tank'): 11 msg.find('tank',0,3): -1 msg.rfind('tank'): 17 msg.index('tank'): 11 msg.rindex('tank'): 17 msg.count('tank'): 2
2.center()、ljust()、rjust()、zfill()
# str之center()、ljust()、rjust()、zfill() print(f"'info nick'.center(50,'*'): {'info nick'.center(50,'*')}") print(f"'info nick'.ljust(50,'*'): {'info nick'.ljust(50,'*')}") print(f"'info nick'.rjust(50,'*'): {'info nick'.rjust(50,'*')}") print(f"'info nick'.zfill(50): {'info nick'.zfill(50)}") # 默认用0填充
'info nick'.center(50,'*'): ********************info nick********************* 'info nick'.ljust(50,'*'): info nick***************************************** 'info nick'.rjust(50,'*'): *****************************************info nick 'info nick'.zfill(50): 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000info nick
3.expandtabs()
# str之expandtabs() print(f"a\\tb\\tc: %s"%('a\tb\tc\t')) # 默认制表符8个空格 print(f"'a\\tb\\tc'.expandtabs(32): %s"%('a\tb\tc\t'.expandtabs(32)))
a\tb\tc: a b c 'a\tb\tc'.expandtabs(32): a b c
4.captalize()、swapcase()、title()
# str之captalize()、swapcase()、title() name = 'nick handsome sWAPCASE' print(f"name.capitalize(): {name.capitalize()}") print(f"name.swapcase(): {name.swapcase()}") # 大小写互转 print(f"name.title(): {name.title()}")
name.capitalize(): Nick handsome swapcase name.swapcase(): NICK HANDSOME Swapcase name.title(): Nick Handsome Swapcase
5.is数字系列(只是为了告诉你,判断是否为数字时除了中文数字以后使用isdigit()即可)
num = "1" #unicode num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # True num.isnumeric() # True num = "1" # 全角 num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # True num.isnumeric() # True num = b"1" # byte num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # AttributeError 'bytes' object has no attribute 'isdecimal' num.isnumeric() # AttributeError 'bytes' object has no attribute 'isnumeric' num = "IV" # 罗马数字 num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # False num.isnumeric() # True num = "四" # 汉字 num.isdigit() # False num.isdecimal() # False num.isnumeric() # True =================== isdigit() True: Unicode数字,byte数字(单字节),全角数字(双字节),罗马数字 False: 汉字数字 Error: 无 isdecimal() True: Unicode数字,全角数字(双字节) False: 罗马数字,汉字数字 Error: byte数字(单字节) isnumeric() True: Unicode数字,全角数字(双字节),罗马数字,汉字数字 False: 无 Error: byte数字(单字节) ================ import unicodedata unicodedata.digit("2") # 2 unicodedata.decimal("2") # 2 unicodedata.numeric("2") # 2.0 unicodedata.digit("2") # 2 unicodedata.decimal("2") # 2 unicodedata.numeric("2") # 2.0 unicodedata.digit(b"3") # TypeError: must be str, not bytes unicodedata.decimal(b"3") # TypeError: must be str, not bytes unicodedata.numeric(b"3") # TypeError: must be str, not bytes unicodedata.digit("Ⅷ") # ValueError: not a digit unicodedata.decimal("Ⅷ") # ValueError: not a decimal unicodedata.numeric("Ⅷ") # 8.0 unicodedata.digit("四") # ValueError: not a digit unicodedata.decimal("四") # ValueError: not a decimal unicodedata.numeric("四") # 4.0 #"〇","零","一","壱","二","弐","三","参","四","五","六","七","八","九","十","廿","卅","卌","百","千","万","万","亿"
6.is其他
4.存一个值or多个值:一个值
5.有序or无序:只要是有索引的,都是有序的,因此字符串是有序的。
name = 'nick' print(f'first:{id(name)}') name = 'nick handsome' print(f'second:{id(name)}')
first:4377100160 second:4377841264
6.可变or不可变:不可变数据类型