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MySQL 的日期和时间函数

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MySQL的日期函数较多，只需要掌握常用的即可，常用的日期或时间函数参考如下的表格：

表  STYLEREF 1 \s 4- SEQ 表 \* ARABIC \s 1 1 MySQL的日期函数

函数

函数功能描述

函数举例

DAYOFWEEK(DATE)

返回DATE的星期索引（1= Sunday，2= Monday，... 7=Saturday）

mysql> SELECT DAYOFWEEK('2016-05-24');

+-------------------------+

| DAYOFWEEK('2016-05-24') |

+-------------------------+

|                       3 |

+-------------------------+

DAYOFYEAR(DATE)

返回DATE是一年中的第几天，范围为1到366

mysql>  SELECT DAYOFYEAR('2016-05-24');

+-------------------------+

| DAYOFYEAR('2016-05-24') |

+-------------------------+

|                     145 |

+-------------------------+

HOUR(TIME)/MINUTE(TIME)/SECOND(TIME)

返回TIME的小时值/分钟值/秒值，范围为0到23

mysql> SELECT HOUR('10:05:03'),MINUTE('10:05:03'),SECOND('10:05:03');

+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

| HOUR('10:05:03') | MINUTE('10:05:03') | SECOND('10:05:03') |

+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

|               10 |                  5 |                  3 |

+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

DATE_FORMAT(DATE,FORMAT)

依照FORMAT字符串格式化DATE值，修饰符的含义：

%M：月的名字（January..December）

%W：星期的名字（Sunday..Saturday）

%D：有英文后缀的某月的第几天（0th，1st，2nd，3rd等）

 

%Y：4位数字年份

%y：2位数字年份

 

%m：月，数字（00..12）

%c：月，数字（0..12）

 

%d：代表月份中的天数，格式为（00……31）

%e：代表月份中的天数，格式为（0……31）

 

 

%x：周值的年份，星期一是一个星期的第一天，数字的，4位，与“%v”一同使用

%a：缩写的星期名（Sun..Sat）

 

%H：小时（00..23）

%k：小时（0..23）

%h：小时（01..12）

%I：小时（01..12）

%l：小时（1..12）

 

%i：代表分钟， 格式为(00……59) 。只有这一个代表分钟，大写的I不代表分钟代表小时

 

%r：代表 时间，格式为12 小时（hh:mm:ss [AP]M)）

%T：代表 时间，格式为24 小时（hh:mm:ss）

 

%S：秒（00..59）

%s：秒（00..59）

 

%p：AM或PM

%w：一周中的天数（0=Sunday..6=Saturday）

mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2016-05-24', '%W %M %Y');

+---------------------------------------+

| DATE_FORMAT('2016-05-24', '%W %M %Y') |

+---------------------------------------+

| Tuesday May 2016                      |

+---------------------------------------+

STR_TO_DATE()

将字符串转换为日期类型

mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('04/31/2004', '%m/%d/%Y');

+---------------------------------------+

| STR_TO_DATE('04/31/2004', '%m/%d/%Y') |

+---------------------------------------+

| 2004-04-31                            |

+---------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

CURDATE()/CURRENT_DATE

以“YYYY-MM-DD”或“YYYYMMDD”格式返回当前的日期值

mysql> SELECT CURDATE(),CURRENT_DATE;

+------------+--------------+

| CURDATE()  | CURRENT_DATE |

+------------+--------------+

| 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28   |

+------------+--------------+

CURTIME()

/CURRENT_TIME

以“HH:MM:SS”或“HHMMSS”格式返回当前的时间值

mysql> SELECT CURTIME(),CURRENT_TIME();

+-----------+----------------+

| CURTIME() | CURRENT_TIME() |

+-----------+----------------+

| 16:05:37  | 16:05:37       |

+-----------+----------------+

NOW()/SYSDATE()

/CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

以“YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS”或“YYYYMMDDHHMMSS”格式返回当前的日期时间值

mysql> SELECT NOW(),SYSDATE(),CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

| NOW()               | SYSDATE()           | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP   |

+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

| 2017-07-28 16:04:31 | 2017-07-28 16:04:31 | 2017-07-28 16:04:31 |

+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

SEC_TO_TIME(NUMBER)

以“HH:MM:SS”或“HHMMSS”格式返回入参值被转换到时分秒后的值

mysql> SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(2378);

+-------------------+

| SEC_TO_TIME(2378) |

+-------------------+

| 00:39:38          |

+-------------------+

TIME_TO_SEC(TIME)

将参数TIME转换为秒数后返回

mysql> SELECT TIME_TO_SEC('22:23:00');

+-------------------------+

| TIME_TO_SEC('22:23:00') |

+-------------------------+

|                   80580 |

+-------------------------+

其它的函数请查阅官方文档。

真题1、MySQL中的字符串和日期相互转化的函数是什么？

答案：MySQL中日期转换为字符串使用DATE_FORMAT函数，相当于Oracle中的TO_CHAR函数，而将字符串转换为日期格式，使用的函数为STR_TO_DATE，相当于Oracle中的TO_DATE函数。

STR_TO_DATE函数的使用示例如下所示：

select str_to_date('09/01/2009','%m/%d/%Y');

select str_to_date('20140422154706','%Y%m%d%H%i%s');

select str_to_date('2014-04-22 15:47:06','%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s');

 



12.7 Date and Time Functions

   

This section describes the functions that can be used to manipulate temporal values. See Section 11.3, “Date and Time Types”, for a description of the range of values each date and time type has and the valid formats in which values may be specified.

Table 12.13 Date and Time Functions

NameDescription
ADDDATE()Add time values (intervals) to a date value
ADDTIME()Add time
CONVERT_TZ()Convert from one time zone to another
CURDATE()Return the current date
CURRENT_DATE(), CURRENT_DATESynonyms for CURDATE()
CURRENT_TIME(), CURRENT_TIMESynonyms for CURTIME()
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), CURRENT_TIMESTAMPSynonyms for NOW()
CURTIME()Return the current time
DATE()Extract the date part of a date or datetime expression
DATE_ADD()Add time values (intervals) to a date value
DATE_FORMAT()Format date as specified
DATE_SUB()Subtract a time value (interval) from a date
DATEDIFF()Subtract two dates
DAY()Synonym for DAYOFMONTH()
DAYNAME()Return the name of the weekday
DAYOFMONTH()Return the day of the month (0-31)
DAYOFWEEK()Return the weekday index of the argument
DAYOFYEAR()Return the day of the year (1-366)
EXTRACT()Extract part of a date
FROM_DAYS()Convert a day number to a date
FROM_UNIXTIME()Format Unix timestamp as a date
GET_FORMAT()Return a date format string
HOUR()Extract the hour
LAST_DAYReturn the last day of the month for the argument
LOCALTIME(), LOCALTIMESynonym for NOW()
LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP()Synonym for NOW()
MAKEDATE()Create a date from the year and day of year
MAKETIME()Create time from hour, minute, second
MICROSECOND()Return the microseconds from argument
MINUTE()Return the minute from the argument
MONTH()Return the month from the date passed
MONTHNAME()Return the name of the month
NOW()Return the current date and time
PERIOD_ADD()Add a period to a year-month
PERIOD_DIFF()Return the number of months between periods
QUARTER()Return the quarter from a date argument
SEC_TO_TIME()Converts seconds to 'HH:MM:SS' format
SECOND()Return the second (0-59)
STR_TO_DATE()Convert a string to a date
SUBDATE()Synonym for DATE_SUB() when invoked with three arguments
SUBTIME()Subtract times
SYSDATE()Return the time at which the function executes
TIME()Extract the time portion of the expression passed
TIME_FORMAT()Format as time
TIME_TO_SEC()Return the argument converted to seconds
TIMEDIFF()Subtract time
TIMESTAMP()With a single argument, this function returns the date or datetime expression; with two arguments, the sum of the arguments
TIMESTAMPADD()Add an interval to a datetime expression
TIMESTAMPDIFF()Subtract an interval from a datetime expression
TO_DAYS()Return the date argument converted to days
TO_SECONDS()Return the date or datetime argument converted to seconds since Year 0
UNIX_TIMESTAMP()Return a Unix timestamp
UTC_DATE()Return the current UTC date
UTC_TIME()Return the current UTC time
UTC_TIMESTAMP()Return the current UTC date and time
WEEK()Return the week number
WEEKDAY()Return the weekday index
WEEKOFYEAR()Return the calendar week of the date (1-53)
YEAR()Return the year
YEARWEEK()Return the year and week
NameDescription



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