简介: 公司有个渠道系统,专门对接三方渠道使用,没有什么业务逻辑,主要是转换报文和参数校验之类的工作,起着一个承上启下的作用。最近,在优化接口的响应时间,优化了代码之后,但是时间还是达不到要求;有一个诡异的 100ms 左右的耗时问题,在接口中打印了请求处理时间后,和调用方的响应时间还有差了 100ms 左右。比如程序里记录 150ms,但是调用方等待时间却为 250ms 左右。本文记录了当时详细的定位 & 解决流程(其实解决很简单,关键在于怎么定位并找到解决问题的方法)。
公司有个渠道系统,专门对接三方渠道使用,没有什么业务逻辑,主要是转换报文和参数校验之类的工作,起着一个承上启下的作用。
最近在优化接口的响应时间,优化了代码之后,但是时间还是达不到要求;有一个诡异的 100ms 左右的耗时问题,在接口中打印了请求处理时间后,和调用方的响应时间还有差了 100ms 左右。比如程序里记录 150ms,但是调用方等待时间却为 250ms 左右。
下面记录下当时详细的定位 & 解决流程(其实解决很简单,关键在于怎么定位并找到解决问题的方法)。
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渠道系统是一个常见的 Spring-boot web 工程,使用了集成的 tomcat。分析了代码之后,发现并没有特殊的地方,没有特殊的过滤器或者拦截器,所以初步排除是业务代码问题。
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出现这个问题之后,首先确认了下接口的调用流程。由于是内部测试,所以调用流程较少。
Nginx -反向代理-> 渠道系统
公司是云服务器,网络走的也是云的内网。由于不明确问题的原因,所以用排除法,首先确认服务器网络是否有问题。
先确认发送端到 Nginx Host 是否有问题:
[jboss@VM_0_139_centos ~]$ ping 10.0.0.139 PING 10.0.0.139 (10.0.0.139) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
从 ping 结果上看,发送端到 Nginx 主机的延迟是无问题的,接下来查看 Nginx 到渠道系统的网络。
# 由于日志是没问题的,这里直接复制上面日志了 [jboss@VM_0_139_centos ~]$ ping 10.0.0.139 PING 10.0.0.139 (10.0.0.139) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
从 ping 结果上看,Nginx 到渠道系统服务器网络延迟也是没问题的。
既然网络看似没问题,那么可以继续排除法,砍掉 Nginx,客户端直接再渠道系统的服务器上,通过回环地址(localhost)直连,避免经过网卡/dns,缩小问题范围看看能否复现(这个应用和地址是我后期模拟的,测试的是一个空接口):
[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w "@curl-time.txt" http://127.0.0.1:7744/send success http: 200 dns: 0.001s redirect: 0.000s time_connect: 0.001s time_appconnect: 0.000s time_pretransfer: 0.001s time_starttransfer: 0.073s size_download: 7bytes speed_download: 95.000B/s ---------- time_total: 0.073s 请求总耗时
从 curl 日志上看,通过回环地址调用一个空接口耗时也有 73ms。这就奇怪了,跳过了中间所有调用节点(包括过滤器 & 拦截器之类),直接请求应用一个空接口,都有 73ms 的耗时,再请求一次看看:
[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w "@curl-time.txt" http://127.0.0.1:7744/send success http: 200 dns: 0.001s redirect: 0.000s time_connect: 0.001s time_appconnect: 0.000s time_pretransfer: 0.001s time_starttransfer: 0.003s size_download: 7bytes speed_download: 2611.000B/s ---------- time_total: 0.003s
更奇怪的是,第二次请求耗时就正常了,变成了 3ms。经查阅资料,linux curl 是默认开启 http keep-alive的(Keep-Alive 的介绍可以参考我的另一篇文章)。就算不开启 keep-alive,每次重新 handshake,也不至于需要 70ms。
经过不断分析测试发现,连续请求的话时间就会很短,每次请求只需要几毫秒,但是如果隔一段时间再请求,就会花费 70ms 以上。
从这个现象猜想,可能是某些缓存机制导致的,连续请求因为有缓存,所以速度快,时间长缓存失效后导致时间长。
那么这个问题点到底在哪一层呢?tomcat 层还是 spring-webmvc 呢?
光猜想定位不了问题,还是得实际测试一下,把渠道系统的代码放到本地 IDE 里启动测试能否复现。
但是导入本地 IDE 后,在 IDE 中启动后并不能复现问题,并没有 70+ms 的延迟问题。这下头疼了,本地无法复现,不能 Debug,由于问题点不在业务代码,也不能通过加日志的方式来 Debug。
这时候可以祭出神器 Arthas 了。
===============
Arthas 是 Alibaba 开源的 Java 诊断工具,深受开发者喜爱。当你遇到以下类似问题而束手无策时,Arthas 可以帮助你解决:
上面是 Arthas 的官方简介,这次我只需要用他的一个小功能 trace。动态计算方法调用路径和时间,这样就可以定位时间在哪个地方被消耗了。
trace 方法内部调用路径,并输出方法路径上的每个节点上耗时。trace 命令能主动搜索 class-pattern/method-pattern 。
对应的方法调用路径,渲染和统计整个调用链路上的所有性能开销和追踪调用链路。
有了神器,那么该追踪什么方法呢?由于我对 Tomcat 源码不是很熟,所以只能从 spring mvc 下手,先来 trace 一下 spring mvc 的入口:
[arthas@24851]$ trace org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet * Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort. Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:44) cost in 508 ms. `---ts=2019-09-14 21:07:44;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-2;id=11;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917 `---[2.952142ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:buildLocaleContext() `---ts=2019-09-14 21:07:44;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-2;id=11;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917 `---[18.08903ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doService() +---[0.041346ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled() #889 +---[0.022398ms] org.springframework.web.util.WebUtils:isIncludeRequest() #898 +---[0.014904ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getWebApplicationContext() #910 +---[1.071879ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #910 +---[0.020977ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #911 +---[0.017073ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #912 +---[0.218277ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getThemeSource() #913 | `---[0.137568ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getThemeSource() | `---[min=0.00783ms,max=0.014251ms,total=0.022081ms,count=2] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getWebApplicationContext() #782 +---[0.019363ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #913 +---[0.070694ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager:retrieveAndUpdate() #916 +---[0.01839ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMap:<init>() #920 +---[0.016943ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #920 +---[0.015268ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #921 +---[15.050124ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doDispatch() #925 | `---[14.943477ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doDispatch() | +---[0.019135ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager() #953 | +---[2.108373ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:checkMultipart() #960 | | `---[2.004436ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:checkMultipart() | | `---[1.890845ms] org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver:isMultipart() #1117 | +---[2.054361ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandler() #964 | | `---[1.961963ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandler() | | +---[0.02051ms] java.util.List:iterator() #1183 | | +---[min=0.003805ms,max=0.009641ms,total=0.013446ms,count=2] java.util.Iterator:hasNext() #1183 | | +---[min=0.003181ms,max=0.009751ms,total=0.012932ms,count=2] java.util.Iterator:next() #1183 | | +---[min=0.005841ms,max=0.015308ms,total=0.021149ms,count=2] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isTraceEnabled() #1184 | | `---[min=0.474739ms,max=1.19145ms,total=1.666189ms,count=2] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping:getHandler() #1188 | +---[0.013071ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler() #971 | +---[0.372236ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandlerAdapter() #971 | | `---[0.280073ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandlerAdapter() | | +---[0.004804ms] java.util.List:iterator() #1224 | | +---[0.003668ms] java.util.Iterator:hasNext() #1224 | | +---[0.003038ms] java.util.Iterator:next() #1224 | | +---[0.006451ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isTraceEnabled() #1225 | | `---[0.012683ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:supports() #1228 | +---[0.012848ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:getMethod() #974 | +---[0.013132ms] java.lang.String:equals() #975 | +---[0.003025ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler() #977 | +---[0.008095ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:getLastModified() #977 | +---[0.006596ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled() #978 | +---[0.018024ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest:<init>() #981 | +---[0.017869ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest:checkNotModified() #981 | +---[0.038542ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:applyPreHandle() #986 | +---[0.00431ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler() #991 | +---[4.248493ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:handle() #991 | +---[0.014805ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #993 | +---[1.444994ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:applyDefaultViewName() #997 | | `---[0.067631ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:applyDefaultViewName() | +---[0.012027ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:applyPostHandle() #998 | +---[0.373997ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:processDispatchResult() #1008 | | `---[0.197004ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:processDispatchResult() | | +---[0.007074ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled() #1075 | | +---[0.005467ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager() #1081 | | +---[0.004054ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #1081 | | `---[0.011988ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:triggerAfterCompletion() #1087 | `---[0.004015ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #1018 +---[0.005055ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager() #928 `---[0.003422ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #928
[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w "@curl-time.txt" http://127.0.0.1:7744/send success http: 200 dns: 0.001s redirect: 0.000s time_connect: 0.001s time_appconnect: 0.000s time_pretransfer: 0.001s time_starttransfer: 0.115s size_download: 7bytes speed_download: 60.000B/s ---------- time_total: 0.115s
本次调用,调用端时间花费 115 ms,但是从 arthas trace 上看,spring mvc 只消耗了 18ms,那么剩下的 97ms 去哪了呢?
本地测试后已经可以排除 spring mvc 的问题了,最后也是唯一可能出问题的点就是 tomcat。
可是本人并不熟悉 tomcat 中的源码,就连请求入口都不清楚,tomcat 里需要 trace 的类都不好找。。。
不过没关系,有神器 Arthas,可以通过 stack 命令来反向查找调用路径,以
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet 作为参数:
stack 输出当前方法被调用的调用路径。很多时候我们都知道一个方法被执行,但这个方法被执行的路径非常多,或者你根本就不知道这个方法是从那里被执行了,此时你需要的是 stack 命令。
[arthas@24851]$ stack org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet * Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort. Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:44) cost in 495 ms. ts=2019-09-14 21:15:19;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917 @org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest() at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:866) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:851) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1468) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) ts=2019-09-14 21:15:19;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917 @org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService() at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:974) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:866) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:851) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1468) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
从 stack 日志上可以很直观的看出 DispatchServlet 的调用栈,那么这么长的路径,该 trace 哪个类呢(这里跳过 spring mvc 中的过滤器的 trace 过程,实际排查的时候也 trace 了一遍,但这诡异的时间消耗不是由这里过滤器产生的)?有一定经验的老司机从名字上大概也能猜出来从哪里下手比较好,那就是
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service,从名字上看,http1.1 处理器,这可能是一个比较好的切入点。下面来 trace 一下:
[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor service Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort. Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 269 ms. `---ts=2019-09-14 21:22:51;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-8;id=17;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418 `---[131.650285ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:service() +---[0.036851ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor() #667 +---[0.009986ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #668 +---[0.008928ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:setSocketWrapper() #671 +---[0.013236ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:init() #672 +---[0.00981ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11OutputBuffer:init() #673 +---[min=0.00213ms,max=0.007317ms,total=0.009447ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #683 +---[min=0.002098ms,max=0.008888ms,total=0.010986ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #683 +---[min=0.002448ms,max=0.007149ms,total=0.009597ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #683 +---[min=0.002399ms,max=0.00852ms,total=0.010919ms,count=2] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused() #683 +---[min=0.033587ms,max=0.11832ms,total=0.151907ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:parseRequestLine() #687 +---[0.005384ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused() #695 +---[0.007924ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getMimeHeaders() #702 +---[0.006744ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:getMaxHeaderCount() #702 +---[0.012574ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders:setLimit() #702 +---[0.14319ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:parseHeaders() #703 +---[0.003997ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getMimeHeaders() #743 +---[0.026561ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders:values() #743 +---[min=0.002869ms,max=0.01203ms,total=0.014899ms,count=2] java.util.Enumeration:hasMoreElements() #745 +---[0.070114ms] java.util.Enumeration:nextElement() #746 +---[0.010921ms] java.lang.String:toLowerCase() #746 +---[0.008453ms] java.lang.String:contains() #746 +---[0.002698ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #775 +---[0.00307ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #775 +---[0.002708ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #777 +---[0.171139ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:prepareRequest() #779 +---[0.009349ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketWrapperBase:decrementKeepAlive() #794 +---[0.002574ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #800 +---[0.002696ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #800 +---[0.002499ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #802 +---[0.005641ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getAdapter() #803 +---[129.868916ms] org.apache.coyote.Adapter:service() #803 +---[0.003859ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #809 +---[0.002365ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #809 +---[0.003844ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #809 +---[0.002382ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:getStatus() #809 +---[0.002476ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:statusDropsConnection() #809 +---[0.002284ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #838 +---[0.00222ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #839 +---[0.037873ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:endRequest() #843 +---[0.002188ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #845 +---[0.002112ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #849 +---[0.002063ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #849 +---[0.002504ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #853 +---[0.009808ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:updateCounters() #854 +---[0.002008ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #855 +---[0.002192ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isIoAllowed() #855 +---[0.01968ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:nextRequest() #856 +---[0.010065ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11OutputBuffer:nextRequest() #857 +---[0.002576ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #870 +---[0.016599ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:processSendfile() #872 +---[0.008182ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:getParsingRequestLinePhase() #688 +---[0.0075ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:handleIncompleteRequestLineRead() #690 +---[0.001979ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #875 +---[0.001981ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #877 +---[0.001934ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #877 +---[0.001995ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused() #877 +---[0.002403ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #879 `---[0.006176ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isUpgrade() #881
日志里有一个 129ms 的耗时点(时间比没开 arthas 的时候更长是因为 arthas 本身带来的性能消耗,所以生产环境小心使用),这个就是要找的问题点。
打问题点找到了,那怎么定位是什么导致的问题呢,又如何解决呢?
继续 trace 吧,细化到具体的代码块或者内容。trace 由于性能考虑,不会展示所有的调用路径,如果调用路径过深,只有手动深入 trace,原则就是 trace 耗时长的那个方法:
[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.coyote.Adapter service Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort. Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 608 ms. `---ts=2019-09-14 21:34:33;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-1;id=10;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418 `---[81.70999ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter:service() +---[0.032546ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getNote() #302 +---[0.007148ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:getNote() #303 +---[0.007475ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getXpoweredBy() #324 +---[0.00447ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor() #331 +---[0.007902ms] java.lang.ThreadLocal:get() #331 +---[0.006522ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setWorkerThreadName() #331 +---[73.793798ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter:postParseRequest() #336 +---[0.001536ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getService() #339 +---[0.004469ms] org.apache.catalina.Service:getContainer() #339 +---[0.007074ms] org.apache.catalina.Engine:getPipeline() #339 +---[0.004334ms] org.apache.catalina.Pipeline:isAsyncSupported() #339 +---[0.002466ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:setAsyncSupported() #339 +---[6.01E-4ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getService() #342 +---[0.001859ms] org.apache.catalina.Service:getContainer() #342 +---[9.65E-4ms] org.apache.catalina.Engine:getPipeline() #342 +---[0.005231ms] org.apache.catalina.Pipeline:getFirst() #342 +---[7.239154ms] org.apache.catalina.Valve:invoke() #342 +---[0.006904ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:isAsync() #345 +---[0.00509ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:finishRequest() #372 +---[0.051461ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Response:finishResponse() #373 +---[0.007244ms] java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean:<init>() #379 +---[0.007314ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:action() #380 +---[0.004518ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:isAsyncCompleting() #382 +---[0.001072ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:getContext() #394 +---[0.007166ms] java.lang.System:currentTimeMillis() #401 +---[0.004367ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getStartTime() #401 +---[0.011483ms] org.apache.catalina.Context:logAccess() #401 +---[0.0014ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor() #406 +---[min=8.0E-4ms,max=9.22E-4ms,total=0.001722ms,count=2] java.lang.Integer:<init>() #406 +---[0.001082ms] java.lang.reflect.Method:invoke() #406 +---[0.001851ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setWorkerThreadName() #406 +---[0.035805ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:recycle() #410 `---[0.007849ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Response:recycle() #411
一段无聊的手动深入 trace 之后………………
[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractArchiveResourceSet getArchiveEntries Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort. Affect(class-cnt:4 , method-cnt:2) cost in 150 ms. `---ts=2019-09-14 21:36:26;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-3;id=12;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418 `---[75.743681ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:getArchiveEntries() +---[0.025731ms] java.util.HashMap:<init>() #106 +---[0.097729ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:openJarFile() #109 +---[0.091037ms] java.util.jar.JarFile:getJarEntry() #110 +---[0.096325ms] java.util.jar.JarFile:getInputStream() #111 +---[0.451916ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:<init>() #113 +---[min=0.001175ms,max=0.001176ms,total=0.002351ms,count=2] java.lang.Integer:<init>() #114 +---[0.00104ms] java.lang.reflect.Method:invoke() #114 +---[0.045105ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry() #114 +---[min=5.02E-4ms,max=0.008531ms,total=0.028864ms,count=31] java.util.jar.JarEntry:getName() #116 +---[min=5.39E-4ms,max=0.022805ms,total=0.054647ms,count=31] java.util.HashMap:put() #116 +---[min=0.004452ms,max=34.479307ms,total=74.206249ms,count=31] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry() #117 +---[0.018358ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getManifest() #119 +---[0.006429ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:setManifest() #120 +---[0.010904ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.JreCompat:isJre9Available() #121 +---[0.003307ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getMetaInfEntry() #133 +---[5.5E-4ms] java.util.jar.JarEntry:getName() #135 +---[6.42E-4ms] java.util.HashMap:put() #135 +---[0.001981ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getManifestEntry() #137 +---[0.064484ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:close() #141 +---[0.007961ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:closeJarFile() #151 `---[0.004643ms] java.io.InputStream:close() #155
发现了一个值得暂停思考的点:
+---[min=0.004452ms,max=34.479307ms,total=74.206249ms,count=31] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry() #117
这行代码加载了 31 次,一共耗时 74ms;从名字上看,应该是 tomcat 加载 jar 包时的耗时,那么是加载了 31 个 jar 包的耗时,还是加载了 jar 包内的某些资源 31 次耗时呢?
TomcatJarInputStream 这个类源码的注释写到:
The purpose of this sub-class is to obtain references to the JarEntry objectsfor META-INF/ and META-INF/MANIFEST.MF that are otherwise swallowed by theJarInputStream implementation.
大概意思也就是,获取 jar 包内 META-INF/,META-INF/MANIFEST 的资源,这是一个子类,更多的功能在父类 JarInputStream 里。
其实看到这里大概也能猜到问题了,tomcat 加载 jar 包内 META-INF/,META-INF/MANIFEST 的资源导致的耗时,至于为什么连续请求不会耗时,应该是 tomcat 的缓存机制(下面介绍源码分析)。
不着急定位问题,试着通过 Arthas 最终定位问题细节,继续手动深入 trace。
[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream * Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort. Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:4) cost in 44 ms. `---ts=2019-09-14 21:37:47;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418 `---[0.234952ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:createZipEntry() +---[0.039455ms] java.util.jar.JarInputStream:createZipEntry() #43 `---[0.007827ms] java.lang.String:equals() #44 `---ts=2019-09-14 21:37:47;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418 `---[0.050222ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:createZipEntry() +---[0.001889ms] java.util.jar.JarInputStream:createZipEntry() #43 `---[0.001643ms] java.lang.String:equals() #46 #这里一共31个trace日志,删减了剩下的
从方法名上看,还是加载资源之类的意思。都已经到 jdk 源码了,这时候来看一下 TomcatJarInputStream 这个类的源码:
/** * Creates a new <code>JarEntry</code> (<code>ZipEntry</code>) for the * specified JAR file entry name. The manifest attributes of * the specified JAR file entry name will be copied to the new * <CODE>JarEntry</CODE>. * * @param name the name of the JAR/ZIP file entry * @return the <code>JarEntry</code> object just created */ protected ZipEntry createZipEntry(String name) { JarEntry e = new JarEntry(name); if (man != null) { e.attr = man.getAttributes(name); } return e; }
这个 createZipEntry 有个 name 参数,从注释上看,是 jar/zip 文件名,如果能得到文件名这种关键信息,就可以直接定位问题了;还是通过 Arthas,使用watch 命令,动态监测方法调用数据。
watch 方法执行数据观测让你能方便的观察到指定方法的调用情况。能观察到的范围为:返回值、抛出异常、入参,通过编写 OGNL 表达式进行对应变量的查看。
watch 该方法的入参:
[arthas@24851]$ watch org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream createZipEntry "{params[0]}" Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort. Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 27 ms. ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.14547ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.048028ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/MANIFEST.MF], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.046071ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033855ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/swagger-ui.html], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.039138ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/webjars/], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033701ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033644ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/favicon-16x16.png], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033976ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/springfox.css], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.032818ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js.map], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.04651ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui.css], ] ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.034793ms] result=@ArrayList[ @String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui.js.map],
这下直接看到了具体加载的资源名,这么熟悉的名字:swagger-ui,一个国外的 rest 接口文档工具,又有国内开发者基于 swagger-ui 做了一套 spring mvc 的集成工具,通过注解就可以自动生成 swagger-ui 需要的接口定义 json 文件,用起来还比较方便,就是侵入性较强。
删除 swagger 的 jar 包后问题,诡异的 70+ms 就消失了。
<!--pom 里删除这两个引用,这两个包时国内开发者封装的,swagger-ui并没有提供java spring-mvc的支持包,swagger只是一个浏览器端的ui+editor <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.9.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.9.2</version> </dependency>
那么为什么 swagger 会导致请求耗时呢,为什么每次请求偶读会加载 swagger 内部的静态资源呢?
其实这是 tomcat-embed 的一个 bug 吧,下面详细介绍一下该 Bug。
源码分析过程实在太漫长,而且也不是本文的重点,所以就不介绍了, 下面直接介绍下分析结果。
顺便贴一张 tomcat 处理请求的核心类图:
===========================
关键在于
org.apache.catalina.mapper.Mapper#internalMapWrapper 这个方法,该版本下处理请求的方式有问题,导致每次都校验静态资源。
==================
因为 Tomcat 对于这种静态资源的解析是有缓存的,优先从缓存查找,缓存过期后再重新解析。具体参考
org.apache.catalina.webresources.Cache,默认过期时间 ttl 是 5000ms。
==============
其实确切的说,是通过 spring-boot 打包插件后不能复现。由于启动方式的不同,tomcat 使用了不同的类去处理静态资源,所以没问题。
=========
当前出现 Bug 的版本为:spring-boot:2.0.2.RELEASE,内置的 tomcat embed 版本为 8.5.31。升级 tomcat embed 版本至 8.5.40+ 即可解决此问题,新版本已经修复了。
如果项目是 maven 是继承的 springboot,即 parent 配置为 springboot 的,或者 dependencyManagement 中 import spring boot 包的。
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent>
pom 中直接覆盖 properties 即可:
<properties> <tomcat.version>8.5.40</tomcat.version> </properties>
springboot 2.1.0.RELEASE 中的 tomcat embed 版本已经大于 8.5.31 了,所以直接将 springboot 升级至该版本及以上版本就可以解决此问题。
空无,Arthas 铁粉,一个热爱技术热爱分享的程序员,专注 JAVA 后端开发。
原文链接
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