SpringBoot实战电商项目mall(35k+star)地址:https://github.com/macrozheng/mall
以前看过的关于RabbitMQ核心消息模式的文章都是基于JavaAPI的,最近看了下官方文档,发现这些核心消息模式都可以通过Spring AMQP来实现。于是总结了下RabbitMQ的实用技巧,包括RabbitMQ在Windows和Linux下的安装、5种核心消息模式的Spring AMQP实现,相信对于想要学习和回顾RabbitMQ的朋友都会有所帮助。
RabbitMQ是最受欢迎的开源消息中间件之一,在全球范围内被广泛应用。RabbitMQ是轻量级且易于部署的,能支持多种消息协议。RabbitMQ可以部署在分布式系统中,以满足大规模、高可用的要求。
我们先来了解下RabbitMQ中的相关概念,这里以5种消息模式中的路由模式
为例。
标志 | 中文名 | 英文名 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
P | 生产者 | Producer | 消息的发送者,可以将消息发送到交换机 |
C | 消费者 | Consumer | 消息的接收者,从队列中获取消息并进行消费 |
X | 交换机 | Exchange | 接收生产者发送的消息,并根据路由键发送给指定队列 |
Q | 队列 | Queue | 存储从交换机发来的消息 |
type | 交换机类型 | type | 不同类型的交换机转发消息方式不同 |
fanout | 发布/订阅模式 | fanout | 广播消息给所有绑定交换机的队列 |
direct | 路由模式 | direct | 根据路由键发送消息 |
topic | 通配符模式 | topic | 根据路由键的匹配规则发送消息 |
接下来我们介绍下RabbitMQ的安装和配置,提供Windows和Linux两种安装方式。
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
rabbitmq 3.7.15
的Docker镜像;docker pull rabbitmq:3.7.15
docker run -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name rabbitmq \ -d rabbitmq:3.7.15
docker exec -it rabbitmq /bin/bash rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=15672/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5672/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload
这5种消息模式是构建基于RabbitMQ的消息应用的基础,一定要牢牢掌握它们。学过RabbitMQ的朋友应该了解过这些消息模式的Java实现,这里我们使用Spring AMQP的形式来实现它们。
简单模式是最简单的消息模式,它包含一个生产者、一个消费者和一个队列。生产者向队列里发送消息,消费者从队列中获取消息并消费。
pom.xml
中添加Spring AMQP的相关依赖;<!--Spring AMQP依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
application.yml
,添加RabbitMQ的相关配置;spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 virtual-host: /mall username: mall password: mall publisher-confirms: true #消息发送到交换器确认 publisher-returns: true #消息发送到队列确认
简单模式
相关Java配置,创建一个名为simple.hello
的队列、一个生产者和一个消费者;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Configuration public class SimpleRabbitConfig { @Bean public Queue hello() { return new Queue("simple.hello"); } @Bean public SimpleSender simpleSender(){ return new SimpleSender(); } @Bean public SimpleReceiver simpleReceiver(){ return new SimpleReceiver(); } }
send方法
向队列simple.hello
中发送消息;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class SimpleSender { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleSender.class); @Autowired private RabbitTemplate template; private static final String queueName="simple.hello"; public void send() { String message = "Hello World!"; this.template.convertAndSend(queueName, message); LOGGER.info(" [x] Sent '{}'", message); } }
simple.hello
中获取消息;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.hello") public class SimpleReceiver { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleReceiver.class); @RabbitHandler public void receive(String in) { LOGGER.info(" [x] Received '{}'", in); } }
/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Api(tags = "RabbitController", description = "RabbitMQ功能测试") @Controller @RequestMapping("/rabbit") public class RabbitController { @Autowired private SimpleSender simpleSender; @ApiOperation("简单模式") @RequestMapping(value = "/simple", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public CommonResult simpleTest() { for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ simpleSender.send(); ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } return CommonResult.success(null); } }
工作模式是指向多个互相竞争的消费者发送消息的模式,它包含一个生产者、两个消费者和一个队列。两个消费者同时绑定到一个队列上去,当消费者获取消息处理耗时任务时,空闲的消费者从队列中获取并消费消息。
工作模式
相关Java配置,创建一个名为work.hello
的队列、一个生产者和两个消费者;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Configuration public class WorkRabbitConfig { @Bean public Queue workQueue() { return new Queue("work.hello"); } @Bean public WorkReceiver workReceiver1() { return new WorkReceiver(1); } @Bean public WorkReceiver workReceiver2() { return new WorkReceiver(2); } @Bean public WorkSender workSender() { return new WorkSender(); } }
send方法
向队列work.hello
中发送消息,消息中包含一定数量的.
号;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class WorkSender { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WorkSender.class); @Autowired private RabbitTemplate template; private static final String queueName = "work.hello"; public void send(int index) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Hello"); int limitIndex = index % 3+1; for (int i = 0; i < limitIndex; i++) { builder.append('.'); } builder.append(index+1); String message = builder.toString(); template.convertAndSend(queueName, message); LOGGER.info(" [x] Sent '{}'", message); } }
work.hello
中获取消息,名称分别为instance 1
和instance 2
,消息中包含.
号越多,耗时越长;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @RabbitListener(queues = "work.hello") public class WorkReceiver { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WorkReceiver.class); private final int instance; public WorkReceiver(int i) { this.instance = i; } @RabbitHandler public void receive(String in) { StopWatch watch = new StopWatch(); watch.start(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Received '{}'", this.instance, in); doWork(in); watch.stop(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Done in {}s", this.instance, watch.getTotalTimeSeconds()); } private void doWork(String in) { for (char ch : in.toCharArray()) { if (ch == '.') { ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } } } }
/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Api(tags = "RabbitController", description = "RabbitMQ功能测试") @Controller @RequestMapping("/rabbit") public class RabbitController { @Autowired private WorkSender workSender; @ApiOperation("工作模式") @RequestMapping(value = "/work", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public CommonResult workTest() { for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ workSender.send(i); ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } return CommonResult.success(null); } }
.
号的消息,instance 1
和instance 2
消费者互相竞争,分别消费了一部分消息。
发布/订阅模式是指同时向多个消费者发送消息的模式(类似广播的形式),它包含一个生产者、两个消费者、两个队列和一个交换机。两个消费者同时绑定到不同的队列上去,两个队列绑定到交换机上去,生产者通过发送消息到交换机,所有消费者接收并消费消息。
发布/订阅模式
相关Java配置,创建一个名为exchange.fanout
的交换机、一个生产者、两个消费者和两个匿名队列,将两个匿名队列都绑定到交换机;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Configuration public class FanoutRabbitConfig { @Bean public FanoutExchange fanout() { return new FanoutExchange("exchange.fanout"); } @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue1() { return new AnonymousQueue(); } @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue2() { return new AnonymousQueue(); } @Bean public Binding fanoutBinding1(FanoutExchange fanout, Queue fanoutQueue1) { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanout); } @Bean public Binding fanoutBinding2(FanoutExchange fanout, Queue fanoutQueue2) { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanout); } @Bean public FanoutReceiver fanoutReceiver() { return new FanoutReceiver(); } @Bean public FanoutSender fanoutSender() { return new FanoutSender(); } }
send方法
向交换机exchange.fanout
中发送消息,消息中包含一定数量的.
号;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class FanoutSender { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FanoutSender.class); @Autowired private RabbitTemplate template; private static final String exchangeName = "exchange.fanout"; public void send(int index) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Hello"); int limitIndex = index % 3 + 1; for (int i = 0; i < limitIndex; i++) { builder.append('.'); } builder.append(index + 1); String message = builder.toString(); template.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "", message); LOGGER.info(" [x] Sent '{}'", message); } }
.
号越多,耗时越长,由于该消费者可以从两个队列中获取并消费消息,可以看做两个消费者,名称分别为instance 1
和instance 2
;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class FanoutReceiver { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FanoutReceiver.class); @RabbitListener(queues = "#{fanoutQueue1.name}") public void receive1(String in) { receive(in, 1); } @RabbitListener(queues = "#{fanoutQueue2.name}") public void receive2(String in) { receive(in, 2); } private void receive(String in, int receiver) { StopWatch watch = new StopWatch(); watch.start(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Received '{}'", receiver, in); doWork(in); watch.stop(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Done in {}s", receiver, watch.getTotalTimeSeconds()); } private void doWork(String in) { for (char ch : in.toCharArray()) { if (ch == '.') { ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } } } }
/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Api(tags = "RabbitController", description = "RabbitMQ功能测试") @Controller @RequestMapping("/rabbit") public class RabbitController { @Autowired private FanoutSender fanoutSender; @ApiOperation("发布/订阅模式") @RequestMapping(value = "/fanout", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public CommonResult fanoutTest() { for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ fanoutSender.send(i); ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } return CommonResult.success(null); } }
.
号的消息,instance 1
和instance 2
同时获取并消费了消息。
路由模式是可以根据路由键
选择性给多个消费者发送消息的模式,它包含一个生产者、两个消费者、两个队列和一个交换机。两个消费者同时绑定到不同的队列上去,两个队列通过路由键
绑定到交换机上去,生产者发送消息到交换机,交换机通过路由键
转发到不同队列,队列绑定的消费者接收并消费消息。
路由模式
相关Java配置,创建一个名为exchange.direct
的交换机、一个生产者、两个消费者和两个匿名队列,队列通过路由键
都绑定到交换机,队列1
的路由键为orange
和black
,队列2
的路由键为green
和black
;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Configuration public class DirectRabbitConfig { @Bean public DirectExchange direct() { return new DirectExchange("exchange.direct"); } @Bean public Queue directQueue1() { return new AnonymousQueue(); } @Bean public Queue directQueue2() { return new AnonymousQueue(); } @Bean public Binding directBinding1a(DirectExchange direct, Queue directQueue1) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(direct).with("orange"); } @Bean public Binding directBinding1b(DirectExchange direct, Queue directQueue1) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(direct).with("black"); } @Bean public Binding directBinding2a(DirectExchange direct, Queue directQueue2) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(direct).with("green"); } @Bean public Binding directBinding2b(DirectExchange direct, Queue directQueue2) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(direct).with("black"); } @Bean public DirectReceiver receiver() { return new DirectReceiver(); } @Bean public DirectSender directSender() { return new DirectSender(); } }
send方法
向交换机exchange.direct
中发送消息,发送时使用不同的路由键
,根据路由键
会被转发到不同的队列;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class DirectSender { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate template; private static final String exchangeName = "exchange.direct"; private final String[] keys = {"orange", "black", "green"}; private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DirectSender.class); public void send(int index) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Hello to "); int limitIndex = index % 3; String key = keys[limitIndex]; builder.append(key).append(' '); builder.append(index+1); String message = builder.toString(); template.convertAndSend(exchangeName, key, message); LOGGER.info(" [x] Sent '{}'", message); } }
instance 1
和instance 2
;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class DirectReceiver { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DirectReceiver.class); @RabbitListener(queues = "#{directQueue1.name}") public void receive1(String in){ receive(in, 1); } @RabbitListener(queues = "#{directQueue2.name}") public void receive2(String in){ receive(in, 2); } private void receive(String in, int receiver){ StopWatch watch = new StopWatch(); watch.start(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Received '{}'", receiver, in); doWork(in); watch.stop(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Done in {}s", receiver, watch.getTotalTimeSeconds()); } private void doWork(String in){ for (char ch : in.toCharArray()) { if (ch == '.') { ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } } } }
/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Api(tags = "RabbitController", description = "RabbitMQ功能测试") @Controller @RequestMapping("/rabbit") public class RabbitController { @Autowired private DirectSender directSender; @ApiOperation("路由模式") @RequestMapping(value = "/direct", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public CommonResult directTest() { for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ directSender.send(i); ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } return CommonResult.success(null); } }
路由键
的消息,instance 1
获取到了orange
和black
消息,instance 2
获取到了green
和black
消息。
通配符模式是可以根据路由键匹配规则
选择性给多个消费者发送消息的模式,它包含一个生产者、两个消费者、两个队列和一个交换机。两个消费者同时绑定到不同的队列上去,两个队列通过路由键匹配规则
绑定到交换机上去,生产者发送消息到交换机,交换机通过路由键匹配规则
转发到不同队列,队列绑定的消费者接收并消费消息。
*
:只能匹配一个单词;#
:可以匹配零个或多个单词。
通配符模式
相关Java配置,创建一个名为exchange.topic
的交换机、一个生产者、两个消费者和两个匿名队列,匹配*.orange.*
和*.*.rabbit
发送到队列1
,匹配lazy.#
发送到队列2
;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Configuration public class TopicRabbitConfig { @Bean public TopicExchange topic() { return new TopicExchange("exchange.topic"); } @Bean public Queue topicQueue1() { return new AnonymousQueue(); } @Bean public Queue topicQueue2() { return new AnonymousQueue(); } @Bean public Binding topicBinding1a(TopicExchange topic, Queue topicQueue1) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1).to(topic).with("*.orange.*"); } @Bean public Binding topicBinding1b(TopicExchange topic, Queue topicQueue1) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1).to(topic).with("*.*.rabbit"); } @Bean public Binding topicBinding2a(TopicExchange topic, Queue topicQueue2) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2).to(topic).with("lazy.#"); } @Bean public TopicReceiver topicReceiver() { return new TopicReceiver(); } @Bean public TopicSender topicSender() { return new TopicSender(); } }
send方法
向交换机exchange.topic
中发送消息,消息中包含不同的路由键
;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class TopicSender { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate template; private static final String exchangeName = "exchange.topic"; private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TopicSender.class); private final String[] keys = {"quick.orange.rabbit", "lazy.orange.elephant", "quick.orange.fox", "lazy.brown.fox", "lazy.pink.rabbit", "quick.brown.fox"}; public void send(int index) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Hello to "); int limitIndex = index%keys.length; String key = keys[limitIndex]; builder.append(key).append(' '); builder.append(index+1); String message = builder.toString(); template.convertAndSend(exchangeName, key, message); LOGGER.info(" [x] Sent '{}'",message); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); } }
instance 1
和instance 2
;/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ public class TopicReceiver { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TopicReceiver.class); @RabbitListener(queues = "#{topicQueue1.name}") public void receive1(String in){ receive(in, 1); } @RabbitListener(queues = "#{topicQueue2.name}") public void receive2(String in){ receive(in, 2); } public void receive(String in, int receiver){ StopWatch watch = new StopWatch(); watch.start(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Received '{}'", receiver, in); doWork(in); watch.stop(); LOGGER.info("instance {} [x] Done in {}s", receiver, watch.getTotalTimeSeconds()); } private void doWork(String in){ for (char ch : in.toCharArray()) { if (ch == '.') { ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } } } }
/** * Created by macro on 2020/5/19. */ @Api(tags = "RabbitController", description = "RabbitMQ功能测试") @Controller @RequestMapping("/rabbit") public class RabbitController { @Autowired private TopicSender topicSender; @ApiOperation("通配符模式") @RequestMapping(value = "/topic", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public CommonResult topicTest() { for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ topicSender.send(i); ThreadUtil.sleep(1000); } return CommonResult.success(null); } }
路由键
的消息,instance 1
和instance 2
分别获取到了匹配的消息。
RabbitMQ Tutorials:https://www.rabbitmq.com/gets...
https://github.com/macrozheng...
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